In a bit of a departure from our normal discussion topics - e.g. things that appear on screen - I want to talk about To Kill a Mockingbird, which turns 50 this month. I'll cover my ass by pointing out that there was a movie adaptation of some renown, starring the incomparable Gregory Peck, which won roughly a million Oscars and whatnot. I feel slightly better about the movie, because Gregory Peck is pretty much my ideal man, and a genuinely good person whose goodness only made him more stunningly attractive. But I'm distracting myself.
Simply put, I really loathe To Kill a Mockingbird. Judging by the amount of acclaim generally heaped on the book, I'm sure I hold the minority opinion here. But that is of no consequence. As far as social - and specifically racial - commentary goes, the book is terrible and frankly insulting, ranking (in my mind) alongside Uncle Tom's Cabin.
Let's start with Tom Robinson, the black man accused of raping a white woman. This is a classic archetype, found mostly in art made by condescending white liberals- the "gentle giant," simple and kind, childlike and completely devoid of agency or sexuality. A man minding his own business who was ensnared and betrayed by an woman (whose reasoning behind wanting to sleep with him is that she was horribly lonely, terribly poor, and sexually abused by her father; because really, no well-to-do white woman in her right mind would go after a black man, am I right? It must be some form of insanity).
He looks like an actual child, people.
This is the "right kind" of black man - of no threat at all, be it intellectual, physical, or sexual - and therefore worth defending. It leaves no room for real personality or human characteristics, and only reinforces the "black man as child" stereotype that is so palatable, because if black men aren't children, they're dangerous animals. Neither portrayal is a positive one, obviously, but a lot of people are in favour of the former. It gets worse when tied in to the meaning of the title itself, that mockingbirds are innocents who do nothing but provide music and happiness. It's neutralizing otherizing in the most offensive degree, and it reeks of Harriet Beecher Stowe.
The other main black character we see is Calpurnia (really?), the Finches' housekeeper. Of course, like the only other black person Atticus spends any time with, Calpurnia is the "good kind." Atticus specifically tells us that she's not like the "other colored nurses" because she doesn't spoil her children. She's firm, judicious, responsible, and (unusually) intelligent, teaching Scout how to read and write. I'm sure I don't need to go into the long tradition of firm, plain-spoken mammies in the history of American literature.
To Kill a Mockingbird also commits the terrible sin of letting people completely off the hook. In this version of history, the only racists are decrepit old morphine addicts, incestuous rapists, or drunken ignorants. It's so easy to point at those people and say, "Well, I'm not like that!" thereby acquitting oneself of any questionable feelings or ideas; it's easy to say, "Well, people like that don't exist anymore," thereby pronouncing racism to be dead. And that's why I think it has outlived its usefulness - it poses as much of a threat to the reader as Tom Robinson does, because it encourages no self-examination whatsoever. It just lets one weep at the tragic fate of the gentle giant, and rest assured that one is not at all racist. Completely lazy.
If you're looking for a slightly more nuanced take on a similar story, I would recommend A Time to Kill (a mockingbird??!?). yes, with my beloved Matthew McCoughnastuff. There are obvious villains, of course - the drunken ignorants who are also child rapists, and the oily fat cats who defend them. However, it also has Matthew McC. needing to come to terms with his own ideas about black people, which he previously believed were beyond reproach. It has Samuel L. Jackson playing a black defendant who demonstrates real anger, and did, you know, actually murder people (and he HOPES THEY BURN IN HELL).
Compare this with the picture of Tom Robinson.
Finally, it presents a spectrum of positions on whether principles and morals are more important than personal safety. It's not a perfect movie by any stretch, but it doesn't let the audience completely off the hook, and that's much more than I can say about To Kill a Mockingbird.